The museum hosts extensive collections of Greek and Roman antiquities. Their core is from the Farnese Collection, which includes a collection of engraved gems (including the Farnese Cup, a Ptolemaic bowl made of sardonyx agate and the most famous piece in the "Treasure of the Magnificent", and is founded upon gems collected by Cosimo de' Medici and Lorenzo il Magnifico in the 15th century) and the Farnese Marbles.

The Naples National Archaeological Museum is located in Naples, Italy and is one of the most important archaeological museums in the world. It is home to a vast collection of classical artifacts, including the famous Farnese Collection, which was excavated from the ruins of Herculaneum and Pompeii. The museum also features many ancient Greek and Roman sculptures and artifacts, as well as Egyptian artifacts, including the famous Bust of Nefertiti. The museum's galleries are divided into three main collections: The Farnese Collection, The Greek and Roman Antiquities Collection, and The Egyptian Collection.

The Farnese Collection includes a number of sculptures and frescoes, as well as the famous marble bust of Alexander the Great. The Greek and Roman Antiquities Collection includes a wealth of ancient Greek and Roman sculptures and artifacts, including the famous Farnese Bull, which is considered one of the most important ancient sculptures in the world. The Egyptian Collection includes a number of artifacts from the ancient Egyptian civilization, such as the bust of Nefertiti, a number of mummy cases, and many other artifacts. The museum also houses a number of other collections, including the Roman and Greek coins collection, the bronze collection, and the numismatic collection.