The Transvaal Museum curates large collections of Plio-Pleistocene fossils, (including hominids from Sterkfontein, Swartkrans and Kromdraai in the Cradle of Humankind), as well as late Permian therapsids (mammal-like reptiles from the Karoo). In addition the museum holds very large collections of mammals, birds, reptiles, and invertebrates (especially lepidoptera and coleoptera).

The Transvaal Museum is an internationally renowned research and educational institution located in Pretoria, South Africa. It was founded in 1892 and is the oldest scientific institution in the country. The museum focuses on the natural history of South Africa and its collection includes a range of biological and geological specimens, as well as historical artifacts. It is home to the largest collection of South African fossils and the world’s largest collection of fossil hominids. The museum offers an extensive range of educational programmes and activities for all ages, including indoor and outdoor exhibitions, live animal shows and workshops. It also hosts a variety of conferences, seminars and lectures. In addition, the museum has a library and archive of books, photographs and manuscripts, as well as a research centre. The museum also organizes field trips and research projects, and runs a number of conservation projects in the surrounding area.