Assyriology is the historical as well as archaeological schoolwork of ancient Mesopotamia. The field covers not only Assyria but also that nation's eventual conqueror, Babylonia plus the predecessor of both civilisations, Sumeria. The large number of cuneiform clay tablets preserved by these cultures provides an huge resource for the study of the period plus the region's (and the world's) first cities such as Ur are archaeologically priceless as for studying the growth of urbanisation.

Noted assyriologists contain Austen Henry Layard plus Leonard Woolley.